IVD reagent material Cardiac marker

Cardiac Troponin I (cTnI) is a subtype of the troponin family that is commonly used as a marker for myocardial damage. Cardiac troponin I is specific for cardiac tissue and is detected in the serum only if myocardial injury has occurred. Because cardiac troponin I is a very sensitive and specific indicator of heart muscle (myocardium) damage, serum levels can be used to help differentiate between unstable angina and myocardial infarction (heart attack) in people with chest pain or acute coronary syndrome.

The cardiac isoform of TnT is widely used as a marker of myocardial cell injury, just as cTnI is. cTnT has the same release kinetics into the bloodstream and the same sensitivity for minor myocardial injury as cTnI. In the blood of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) patients, cTnT is often found in a free form whereas cTnI is mostly found in complex with TnC.

Troponin C, also known as TN-C or TnC, is a protein that resides in the troponin complex on actin thin filaments of striated muscle (cardiac, fast-twitch skeletal, or slow-twitch skeletal) and is responsible for binding calcium to activate muscle contraction. Troponin C is encoded by the TNNC1 gene in humans for both cardiac and slow skeletal muscle.

myoglobin is a cytoplasmic protein that binds oxygen on a heme group. It harbors only one globulin group, whereas hemoglobin has four. Although its heme group is identical to those in Hb, Mb has a higher affinity for oxygen than does hemoglobin. This difference is related to its different role: whereas hemoglobin transports oxygen, myoglobin's function is to store oxygen.

Digoxin is used to treat heart failure, usually along with other medications. It is also used to treat certain types of irregular heartbeat (such as chronic atrial fibrillation). Treating heart failure may help maintain your ability to walk and exercise and may improve the strength of your heart. Treating an irregular heartbeat can also improve your ability to exercise.Digoxin belongs to a class of medications called cardiac glycosides. It works by affecting certain minerals (sodium and potassium) inside heart cells. This reduces strain on the heart and helps it maintain a normal, steady, and strong heartbeat.

CK-MB in acute myocardial infarction (AMI), and CK-BB in brain damage and malignant tumor of the gastro-intestinal tract. CK-MB is measured either by enzyme activity or mass concentration and is measured as a marker not only in the diagnosis of AMI but also in suspected AMI and unstable angina.

The heart-type-Fatty-Acid-Binding-Protein (hFABP) is a protein, which is involved in intracellular myocardial transport (Bruins Slot et al., 2010; Reiter et al., 2013). After myocardial necrosis hFABP is rapidly released into the blood stream and was therefore investigated as a biomarker for AMI. However, due to low sensitivity and specificity hFABP has not been proven useful, compared to the diagnostic performance of hs-Tn assays (Bruins Slot et al., 2010; Reiter et al., 2013).

Lipoprotein-Associated Phospholipase A2(Lp-PLA2)

Lipids are fats in your blood. Lipoproteins are combinations of fats and proteins that carry the fats in your bloodstream. If you have Lp-PLA2 in your blood, you may have fatty deposits in your arteries that are at risk of rupturing and causing heart disease or stroke.

D-dimer (or D dimer) is a fibrin degradation product (or FDP), a small protein fragment present in the blood after a blood clot is degraded by fibrinolysis. It is so named because it contains two D fragments of the fibrin protein joined by a cross-link.